The State Bank of India (SBI), the country’s largest lender, has recently increased interest rates on short-term retail fixed deposits (FDs) by 25 to 75 basis points (bps). This marks the first adjustment in fixed deposit rates by SBI since December 2023 and is anticipated to prompt similar actions from other banks.
Interest Rate Adjustments
The new rates for retail domestic term deposits, which are under ₹2 crore, reflect a significant increase:
- For FDs maturing between 46 to 179 days: The interest rate has risen from 4.75% to 5.5%, an increase of 75 bps. Senior citizens will now receive 6%, up from 5.25%.
- For FDs maturing between 180 to 210 days: The rate has been adjusted to 6%, from 5.75%, with senior citizens seeing a rise from 6.25% to 6.5%.
- For FDs maturing between 211 days to one year: The interest rate has increased to 6.25%, from 6%. Senior citizens will benefit from a rate hike to 6.75%, up from 6.5%.
SBI has also raised interest rates on bulk term deposits (₹2 crore and above) by 10 to 50 bps across various maturities:
- For bulk deposits maturing between 46 to 179 days: The rate is now 6.25%, up from 5.75%.
- For deposits maturing between one year to less than two years: The rate has been increased from 6.8% to 7%.
Rationale Behind the Rate Hike
The increase in deposit rates by SBI is largely a response to heightened demand for loans. In FY2024, SBI reported a robust growth of 15.24% in gross advances and 11.13% in deposits, with domestic term deposits rising by 16.38%. The growth in credit is attributed to a surge in corporate and retail loans, driven by investments in sectors such as infrastructure, electric vehicles (EVs), and semiconductors.
SBI Chairman Dinesh Khara highlighted the expectation of a credit growth of 14-16% in the current fiscal year, driven by increased funding demands and infrastructure investments, which have a multiplier effect on the economy.
Context of Recent Monetary Policy
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has significantly impacted lending and deposit rates through its monetary policy. Between May 2022 and February 2023, the RBI increased the repo rate by 250 bps to the current level of 6.5%. This hike was passed on to borrowers, with the weighted average lending rate (WALR) on fresh and outstanding rupee loans rising by 185 bps and 111 bps, respectively.
In contrast, banks have been slow to adjust deposit rates in tandem with the repo rate increases. During the same period, the weighted average domestic term deposit rates (WADTR) for fresh and outstanding deposits increased by 241 bps and 183 bps, respectively. This lag in adjusting deposit rates may reflect banks’ strategic balancing of funding costs and competitive pressures.
Industry Implications
The adjustment in deposit rates by SBI is a notable development and could signal a trend for other banks to follow. Higher deposit rates typically attract more savings, providing banks with additional liquidity to support their lending activities. As deposit rates rise, it becomes increasingly attractive for savers and investors, particularly those looking for safe investment options, such as senior citizens who rely heavily on fixed deposit returns.
Additionally, the increase in deposit rates aligns with broader economic conditions, where rising interest rates reflect efforts to manage inflation and control economic overheating. The move by SBI could also indicate a shift towards stabilizing deposit growth, ensuring sufficient liquidity to meet increasing loan demands.
In conclusion, SBI’s decision to raise interest rates on short-term fixed deposits highlights a strategic response to current economic conditions and competitive pressures. This development not only reflects SBI’s adaptation to the evolving financial landscape but also sets a precedent for other banks in adjusting their deposit rates accordingly. As the industry adjusts to these changes, both depositors and borrowers will experience shifts in the financial environment, influencing their investment and borrowing decisions.